做好这一类题，要先理解全文的'意义和结构，然后理解段落的意义和结构，分析句与句之间的关系，句与段落的关系。一般说来，文章中空格的地方主要是三类的句子或者段落：一是段落的主题句；二是和段落主题密切相关的细节句；三是段落或句子之间的过渡句/段。所以学会了分析句与句、句与段、段与段之间的关系做这类题并不难。
导语：英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。下面就由小编为大家介绍高考英语阅读理篇章结构题解题技巧，大家一起去学习吧！
英语阅读文章结构题
高考英语阅读理篇章结构题解题技巧
对《考试大纲》中提出的理解文章的基本结构的要求，往往通过篇章结构题来考查。考生要学会把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法。英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。高考对这类题型的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：
1．确定指代关系。最常见的提问方式是：Theunderlinedword“they/it/…”inparagraph…refersto……
2．对句子意义或作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是：Thesentence“……”inparagraph…means….;Theexampleof……inpara….isusedtoillustrate/show…….
3．对段落大意或段落作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是：Thelastparagraphmainlytellusthat……;ThepurposeofwritingParagraph…is….….
4．对文章组织结构的理解。最常见的提问方式是：Howisthepassageorganized?；Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?
在上述几类题中考生感觉难做的题是第四类,这类题是近两年来出现的主要考查议论文结构的命题新方式,且逐步得到语言教育专家们的认可。并逐步推广到对其他文体结构的考查。分析这一类的题我们看出：对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，一是按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章的结构。
首先，看看这样考查从段落层次理解文章的结构。这类题经常用到的提问方式是：Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?常见的段落结构有如下几种情况：
图1表明：①（Paragraph1）是主题段（提出论题或论点），②、③段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述，④用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述，⑤段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。同样我们很容易理解图2、3、4所示的段落结构的意义。
下面具体看看05年江苏卷E篇：
Thetwentiethcenturysawgreaterchangesthananycenturybeforechangesforthebetter,changesfortheworse,changesthatbroughtalotofbenefitstohumanbeings,changesthatputmanindanger.Manythingscausedthechanges,but,inmyopinion,themostimportantwastheprogressinscience.
Scientificresearchinphysicsandbiologyhasvastlybroadenedourviews.Ithasgivenusadeeperknowledgeofthestructureofmatterandoftheuniverse,ithasbroughtusabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflifeandofitscontinuousdevelopment.Technologyintheapplicationofsciencehasmadebigadvancesthathavebenefitedusinnearlyeverypartoflife.
Thecontinuationofsuchactivitiesinthetwenty-firstcenturywillresultinevengreateradvantagestohumanbeings:inpurescience―awideranddeeperknowledgeinallfieldsoflearning;inappliedscience―amorereasonablesharingofmaterialbenefits,andbetterprotectionoftheenvironment.
Sadly,however,thereisanothersidetothepicture.Thecreativityofsciencehasbeenemployedindoingdamagetomankind.Theapplicationofscienceandtechnologytothedevelopmentandproductionofweaponsofmassdestructionhascreatedarealdangertothecontinuedexistenceofthehumanraceonthisplanet.Wehaveseenthishappeninthecaseofnuclearweapons,AlthoughtheiractualusehassofaroccurredonlyintheSecondWorldWar,thenumberofnuclearweaponsthatwereproducedandmadereadyforusewassolargethatiftheweaponshadactuallybeenused,theresultcouldhavebeentheruinofthehumanrace,aswellasofmanykindsofanimals.
WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线）,goodandilltogether.“Theabovebriefreviewoftheapplicationofonlyonepartofhumanactivities―scienceseemstoprovewhatShakespearesaid.Butdoesithavetobeso?Musttheillalwaysgotogetherwiththegood?Arewebiologicallyprogrammedforwar?
72．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?
理解文章段落结构，我们很容易找到答案A。
接下来再来看看这样从论证方法上考查对议论文结构的理解。掌握了议论文常见的写作方法，我们不难理解议论文的论证过程。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：
一、Putforwardaquestion→Analyzethequestion→Solvethequestion这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；二、Argument/idea→Evidence→conclusion/restatingtheidea
这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
对说明文、夹叙夹议类文章结构的理解，只要我们弄清段落意义和段落之间的关系，很容易理解其结构。看看下面的例题我们也许会得到一些启发。
例1：
（05浙江卷C篇）
Inthecourseofworkingmywaythroughschool,ItookmanyjobsIwouldratherforget.Butnoneofthesejobswasasdreadfulasmyjobinanappleplant.Theworkwashard;thepaywaspoor;and,mostofall,theworkingconditionswereterrible.
Firstofall,thejobmadehugedemandsonmystrength.Fortenhoursanight,Itookboxesthatrolleddownametaltrackandpiledthemontoatruck.Eachboxcontainedtwelveheavybottlesofapplejuice.IoncefiguredoutthatIwasliftinganaverageoftwelvetonsofapplejuiceeverynight.
Iwouldnothavemindedthedifficultyoftheworksomuchifthepayhadnotbeensopoor.Iwaspaidthelowestwageofthattime―twodollarsanhour.Becauseofthelowpay,Ifelteagertogetasmuchaspossible.Iusuallyworkedtwelvehoursanightbutdidnottakehomemuchmorethan$100aweek.
Butevenmorethanthelowpay,whatmademeunhappywastheworkingconditions.DuringworkIwaslimitedtotwoten-minutebreaksandanunpaidhalfhourforlunch.Mostofmytimewasspentoutsideloadingtruckswiththoseheavyboxesinnear-zero-degreetemperatures.Thesteelfloorsofthetruckswerelikeice,whichmademyfeetfeellikestone.Andaftertheproductionlineshutdownatnightandmostpeopleleft,Ihadtospendtwohoursalonecleaningthefloor.
Istayedonthejobforfivemonths,allthewhilehatingthedifficultyofthework,thepoormoney,andtheconditionsunderwhichIworked.BythetimeIleft,Iwasdeterminednevertogobackthereagain.
52．Howisthetextorganized?
A．Topic―Argument―Explanation
B．Opinion―Discussion―Description
C．Mainidea―Comparison―Supportingexamples
D．Introduction―Supportingexamples―Conclusion
解析：这道题考查考生对文章组织结构的理解，把握了文章的脉络，我们不难得出答案：D。
例2：
Ireceivealotofemailseverytimeacolumnispublishedin21stCentury.ThemajorityofquestionsIgetarelikethis:“MyEnglishisstillverypoor,couldyoupleasegivemesomeadvice?”Sincethiskindofquestionissobigandsovague,anyanswerswillbetoobroadortoogeneral.Infact,askingquestionsisanartthatneedstrainingandpracticeinitself.AndIwouldliketoofferthefollowingtips:
Alwayscontextualizeyourquestion.Ifyoureallywanttoaskforadviceonsomething,youneedtoprovideabriefdescriptionofhowyoucameupwiththequestionandhowyoucanbenefitfromaskingit.Forinstance,ifyouneedtoimproveyourEnglish,youneedtostatetheskillareayouareinthegreatestneedofimproving,andwhatdifficultiesyouencounterthatcauseyousomanyproblems
Thesecondpieceofadviceisthatyourquestionshouldbefocusedandspecific.BythatImeanthatyoumighthavealotofquestions,butchoosetheonethatismostimportantandatthesametimetheleastcomplicated.
Third,youcanpractiseaskingonequestioninmultipleways.Forinstance,ifyouareinterestedinknowinghowyoucanboostyourconfidenceinspeaking,youmightconsiderasking:“IoftenfeelnervousbeforeIaskaquestion,howcanIovercomemyanxiety?”“Couldyousharewithmeyourexperienceofspeakinginfrontofothers?”
Ofcourse,thebestwaytoaskgoodquestionsisthroughthepracticeofquestioning.Ihighlyencourageyoutoseekopportunitiestoaskquestions.Ittakestimetobeareallygoodquestioner.
Howisthetextorganized?
A．Topic---argument----description
B．Opinion―discussion---explanation
C．Mainidea---comparison---supportingexamples
D．Topic----argument----conclusion
解析：文章一开始就提出本文要讲的中心,然后进行论述,最后得出结论。由此,我们不难得出答案是D。
2007年广东高考英语试题题型（讨论稿）中提出把篇章结构作为专门的一节来考查：要求把标有A-F的句子或段落插入到文章中标记的适当位置，使文章意义完整，结构连贯。
做好这一类题，要先理解全文的'意义和结构，然后理解段落的意义和结构，分析句与句之间的关系，句与段落的关系。一般说来，文章中空格的地方主要是三类的句子或者段落：一是段落的主题句；二是和段落主题密切相关的细节句；三是段落或句子之间的过渡句/段。所以学会了分析句与句、句与段、段与段之间的关系做这类题并不难。下面我们来具体看一个例题：
阅读下面短文，请将标有A-F的句子或段落插入到文章中标号为71-75的合适位置，使文章意义完整，结构连贯；其中一个段落或句子是多余的。
Some twenty years ago, the performance of girls and boys in class was compared. 71 Now, the situation is reversed (颠倒) with girls consistently doing better than boys.
72 JohnDunsford,leaderoftheassociationofheadteachersofsecondaryschools,saysthattheacademicfailureofboysisaproblemwhichhaditsrootsinsocietyratherthantheclassroom.Girls,morethanboys,seeeducationasapassporttoagoodjob.Ontheotherhand,accordingtoPennyLewis,aheadteacher,youngmenlackconfidence,whichtheyhidewithashowofbravado(逞能).They’reuncertainabouttheirplaceinsociety. 73
Moreover,boysmaylearninadifferentwayfromgirls,preferringsmallamountsofworkwithimmediateheadlinesratherthanlargeprojectsstretching(延续)intothedistance.Andeducationisnotseenas“cool”. 74
ThisisnotjustaprobleminBritain.InastudybytheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentandUNESCO,girlsdidbetterthanboysatreadingattheageof15inall45countries.TheUKranksninthoutofthe45countriesforreadingdespitethefactthatpupilsintheUKspendlesstimereadingthaninmostothercountries. 75
A.So,whathasgonewrongwiththeboys,andwhatcanbedoneaboutit?
B.Interestingly,thestudysuggestedthatBritishchildrenreadforpleasuremoreoftenthanthoseinothercountries.
C.Boysscoredbetterinexams,sovariousmeasureswereintroducedtoimprovetheperformanceofgirls,includinghavingsinglesexgirl-onlyclasses.
D.Thisstudycanofferagreathelptoteachersandschoolleadersintermsofpropereducationtodifferentpeople.
E.Someboysgrowupinfamilieswherethereisnomalerolemodeltofollow.
F.AsonecontributoetoaBBCwebsiteputit,“Girlsachievemoreatschoolbecausetheyarewatchingthefuturewhiletheboysarewatchingthegirls.”
解析：这是一篇说明文。首先通读文章了解文章的中心：全文分析当前在学校女生比男生表现好的原因。文章结构简单明了：首先提出问题，然后分析原因。接下来我们来逐段分析：
第一段提出问题，71空后面说“现在情况颠倒过来了：女生比男生好了”，看了这句话，我们肯定能判断前一句话的大意应该是：先前的情况是男生比女生表现好。那就从选项中去看哪个句子表达的是这个意思。快速浏览A-F选项，我们得到答案C。
第二段分析原因。段首的空格72，应该是一个承上启下的过渡句。浏览选项，我们迅速得到答案A。段尾的73空应该是一个细节句，对前一句具体说明，能够具体说明They’reuncertainabouttheirplaceinsociety一句的只有选项E。
第三段进一步分析原因。74空应该是个细节句，详细阐明男生比女生表现差的原因。这里我们不难找到答案F。
第四段说明这种现象的普遍存在。段尾的75空是一个接续前句的细节句。浏览剩余的选项，我们很肯定地找到答案B。