音标类似于汉语拼音,是记录音素的符号,是音素的标写符号,如汉语的拼音字母、英语的韦氏音标和国际音标等。
英语共有48个音标,其中辅音音标28个,元音音标20个。
双元音:[ai][ei][iə][əu][uə][au][eə][כi]
辅音音标:分为清辅音和浊辅音,清辅音发音时声带不振动,浊辅音发音时声带振动。
清辅音:[p][t][k][f][s][θ][∫][ts][t∫][tr][h][l]
浊辅音:[b][d][g][v][z][δ][з][dz][dз][dr][r][m][n][ŋ][w][j]
音标(International Phonetic Alphabet)是记录音素的符号,也是音素的标写符号,应用于语言学中。音标的提出者是H·斯维斯特 P·帕西 琼斯。英语音标中有20个元音,28个辅音,共48个。
音标的制定原则是:一个音素只用一个音标表示,而一个音标并不只表示一个音素,由2个音素构成的音标我们称之为双元音,如汉语的拼音字母、英语的韦氏音标和国际音标等。
音标类似于汉语拼音,是记录音素的符号,是音素的标写符号,如汉语的拼音字母、英语的韦氏音标和国际音标等。它的制定原则是:一个音素只用一个音标表示,而一个音标并不只表示一个音素(双元音就是由2个音素组成的,相对于单元音来说。由2个音素构成的音标我们称之为双元音)。
国际音标严格规定以"一符一音"为原则,即"一个音素一个符号,一个符号一个音素"是读好英语单词必备的发音方法。
使用拼音方案的语言,同一字母在不同词中常有几种读法。例如:英语like和lit中的"i",用国际音标注音,分别为[aɪ]和[e],又如:普通话bān(班)和bāng(邦)的a,用国际音标分别为[a]和[e]。
此外,在不同的语言中,同一个音有不同的拼法。例如,英语的sh,法语的ch,德语的sch,波兰语的sz,捷克语的s ,实际上都是国际音标的[ʃ]音。
这些都是国际音标的长处,就是可以比较科学、精确地记录和区分语音(通行表上的音标计有辅音72个,元音32个,用来标注语音大致够用)。国际音标的排列,便于分析和掌握(辅音大致按发音部位和发音方法来定纵横坐标,元音按舌位高低前后来定位置)。
初中的同学,我们为你整理了48个英语国际音标发音表和英语音标发音单词练习表,这里所有发音为英国英语发音(即DJ音标的发音)。
元音 (20个) | 单元音 (12个) | 前元音(4个) | [iː] | [ɪ] | [e] | [æ] | |||||||
后元音(5个) | [ɑː] | [ɔː] | [ɒ] | [uː] | [ʊ] | ||||||||
中元音(3个) | [ʌ] | [ɜː] | [ə] | ||||||||||
双元音 (8个) | 合口双元音(5个) | [eɪ] | [əʊ] | [aɪ] | [aʊ] | [ɔɪ] | |||||||
集中双元音(3个) | [ɪə] | [ʊə] | [eə] | ||||||||||
辅音 (28个) | 清辅音(11个) | [p] | [t] | [k] | [f] | [s] | [θ] | [ʃ] | [tʃ] | [tr] | [ts] | [h] | |
浊辅音(17wh ) | [b] | [d] | [g] | [v] | [z] | [ð] | [ʒ] | [dʒ] | [dr] | [dz] | [l] | ||
[m] | [n] | [ŋ] | [j] | [w] | [r] |
绕口令练习英语音标发音
(1)There are thirty-three trees there. (θ, ð)
(2)A big black bug bit the back of the big black bear. The big black bear beat back the big black bug. (/b/)
(3)She sells seashells on the seashore,and the shells she sells are seashells. I'm sure because if she sells shells at the seashore,the shells she sells are seashells for sure. (/ θ/,/s/,/z/,/ʃ/)
(4)There is a kitten in the kitchen.In the kitchen,I fly the chicken.A fly flies into the kitchen while I'm frying the chicken.( /tʃ/)
(5)You are no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight.For a night,light′s a slight light and tonight′s a night that's light.When a night′s light like tonight's light,it's really not quit right to light night lights with their slight light's on the light night like tonight.(/n/--/l/)
(6)The sun shines on the small shop signs.(/s/--/ʃ/)
(7)Why didn't you do that what I told you to do? (/t/--/d/)
(8)The doctor's daughter knocked at the locked door. (/t/--/d/)
(9)Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.
(10)Is this pair of scissors of his sister's? Yes,this is the pair of scissors of his sister's . (/s/--/z/)
(11)Pete picked up a piece of paper and put it into the paper basket. (/p/)
(12)William wants to know whether the weather will be wetter tomorrow. (/w/)