南京地处中国东部、长江下游、濒江近海，位于江苏省西南部，气候类型为亚热带季风气候。著名景点有中山陵、明孝陵、明城墙、玄武湖、夫子庙、紫金山、鸡鸣寺等。
ThebeautyofNanjing'ssceneryliesinthefactthatitissurroundedbymountainsandwater.Itisnotonlyaplacefullofmountainsandrivers,butalsoaplaceof"tendynastiesancientcapital"culture.Itsnaturallandscapeandlonghistorycomplementeachother.Therearemorethan50famousscenicspotsandnearly200culturalrelicsinthecity.Itcanbedividedintotenscenicspots,namelyZhongshanscenicspot,Qinhuaiscenicbelt,Chengxiscenicspot,Dajiangscenicspot,Qixiamountainscenicspot,southernsuburbscenicspot,Tangshanancientculturescenicspot,Lianghuscenicspot(includingLishuiWuxiangTempletouristresort),liangpuscenicspot(includingpearlspringtouristresort)andurbanscenicspot.
1.ZhongshanScenicArea
Nanjingisafamousscenicspot.Itisoneofthe44scenicspotsannouncedbytheStateCouncil.ItislocatedintheNortheastsuburbofNanjing.Therearemorethan50scenicspotsavailableforsightseeinginthewholearea.CenteredonZhongshanMausoleumandXuanwuLake,thereareZijinMountain,XuanwuLake,MingDynastycitywallandsoon.Ithasamulti-levellandscapeofmountain,water,city,forestandbuilding.Thesceneryisbeautifulandmagnificent.
ZhongshanMausoleumisthemausoleumofDr.SunYatSen,thegreatrevolutionaryforerunnerofourcountry.ItislocatedatthesouthfootofthesecondpeakofZijinMountain.Dr.SunYatSendiedinBeijingonMarch12,1925.Accordingtohiswish,hewasburiedhereonJune1,1929.Inadditiontothemainbuildingofthemausoleum,therearealsosomememorialbuildingsaroundit,whichwereinvestedandbuiltbypeoplefromallwalksoflifeandoverseasChineseatthattimeinmemoryofSunYatSen.
Builtin1932inthesoutheastofZhongshanMausoleumsquare,themusicplatformisasemicirclewithaheightofabout3meters.Thelargewallbehindtheplatformis11.3metershighand16.7meterswide,whichisusedtocollectsound.Theauditoriumisfan-shaped,andthearchitecturallayoutisthefirstinChina.
MeilingpalaceislocatedonXiaohongmountain,200meterstotheeastofSifangcityofXiaolingMausoleumofMingDynasty.Itwascompletedin1933.Itwasoriginallyplannedtobetheresidenceofthepresidentofthenationalgovernment.Later,itwaschangedintotherestroomofseniorofficialsvisitingthemausoleumofZhongshanMausoleum.In1947,aftertheKuomintanggovernmentmovedbacktoNanjingfromChongqing,itwasChiangKaiShek'sofficialresidence.BecauseChiangandSongMeilingoftencamehereforrestandvacation,itwascalledMeilingpalace.
XiaolingMausoleumoftheMingDynastyislocatedatthefootofMt.QomolangmainDulongCounty,ZijinMountain,adjacenttoZhongshanMausoleumintheEast.ItisthemausoleumofZhuYuanzhang,thefounderoftheMingDynasty,andoneofthelargestmausoleumsofemperorsinancientChina.ThelayoutofXiaolingismagnificentandtheregulationsarestrict.TheShintoofXiaolinghasalongandwindingprecedent,andhasinfluencedtheMingandQingDynasties.TheexistingXiamasquare,stelePavilion,stonebeast,Wangzhu,wengzhongstoneman,"ZhilongTangSong"stelehall,FangchengandBaochengare2.62kmdeep.
LingguTempleislocatedatthesouthfootofZhongshanMountain.ItwasoriginallybuiltondulongfuattheWestfootofZhongshanMountain.ItwasbuiltintheLiangDynasty(515)oftheSouthernDynastytoburytheremainsofmasterBaozhi,afamousmonk.ThenameofLingguTemplewasdraftedbyZhuYuanzhanghimself.Today'sLingguTemplewasbuiltinthesixthyearofTongzhireignoftheQingDynasty.ThereisamemorialhallformasterXuanzanginthetemple,whichcontainsthemostpreciousparietalbonerelicsofmasterXuanzangintheworld.Thewuliangdian(nowLingguparkscenicspot)builtinMingDynastyisthefirstbrickstructurewuliangdianinChina.
ZhongshanBotanicalGardenislocatedatthesouthfootofZhongshanMountain,formerlyknownaspremier'sMausoleumMemorialbotanicalgarden.Foundedin1929,itisthefirstnationalbotanicalgardeninChina,coveringanareaof187hectares.Ithascollectedandcultivatedmorethan3000kindsofplants.ItisoneofthefourkeybotanicalgardensinChina,andalsoabaseforbotanicalresearch,appreciationandpopularizationofbotanicalknowledge.
ZijinshanObservatoryislocatedinthethirdpeakofZijinshan,formerlyknownastheInstituteofastronomyofAcademiaSinica.Itwasbuiltin1934andenjoyshighreputationathomeandabroad.Theobservatorydisplayssuchancientastronomicalinstrumentsasarmillarysphere,simpleinstrument,guibiao,smallastrometer,smallhorizontheodoliteandLouhu,whicharetransportedfromBeijingAncientObservatory.
XuanwuLakeislocatedinthenortheastofNanjingCity,closetothedowntownarea,knownas"Sangpo"inancienttimes.Thetotalareaoftheparkis472hectares,surroundedbymountainsandwaves,whicharethecreamofJinlingbeauty.ThereareplacesofinterestsuchasthefamouswriterandscientistGuoPu'stombintheEasternJinDynastyandtheformersiteofLiangYuan,PrinceLiangZhaomingoftheSouthernDynasty.
Taicheng,253.15meterslong,islocatedontheSouthBankofXuanwuLake,behindJimingtemple.ItwastheForbiddenCityoftheImperialPalaceintheSixDynasties."ThemostmercilessisthewillowinTaicheng,whichisstillatenmiledike.".WhenscholarsofallagescametoJinling,theycouldneverforgettovisitTaicheng,leavingbehindmanyunforgettablepoems.ThepresentsectionoftheancientcitywasbuiltwhenZhuYuanzhangexpandedthecapital.
JimingtempleislocatedattheeastendoftheArcticPavilion.ItwasbuiltinthefirstyearofYongkang(300)oftheWesternJinDynasty.AftertheEasternJinDynasty,itwasdesignatedasTingweidepartment.AftertheSouthernDynasties,itbecamearealBuddhistresort.
InthefirstyearofDatong(527),XiaoYan,theemperorofLiangDynasty,builtTongtaitempleinjimingdai,whichisoppositetoTaicheng(PalaceCity).Thereisanancientwellintheeastofthetemple,whichissaidtobeJingyangwelloftheChenDynasty.TheempressChen'smasterShubao,hisconcubinesZhangLihuaandKongGuibinoncetookrefugeinthiswell.TheywerefoundbySuisoldiersandcaptured.ItissaidthatZhangLihuawaspulledoutofthewellbySuigenerals,andhislipsknockedonthewellfence,leavingathousandyearoldrougeTrace,sofarwithsilkswabcolumn,stoneveinstillshowrouge.Adrywell,astonetablet,butcannotwashawaythehistoricalhumiliationandridicule,soalsoknownashumiliatingwell.Becauseofyearsoflightningstrikesandwardisasters,thehistoricsiteshavebeenbuiltanddestroyed,andnowtheyhavedisappeared.
ButlatergenerationsmistakenlycalledanancientwellbesideJimingTemple"ancientRougewell",whichisnotadisgracewell.Duringthe20thyearofHongwu(1387)ofMingDynasty,ZhuYuanzhang,theemperorofMingDynasty,orderedtheoldhouseofGuyutobedemolishedandexpanded.Atemplewasbuiltonthemountainwiththetitleof"JimingTemple".EmperorKangxiofQingDynastywrote"Jiminghistoricsite"incalligraphyfortemplesduringhissoutherntour.
GuanyininGuanyinbuildingofJimingtempleisdifferentfromothers.ItisastatueofGuanyinBodhisattvasittingupsidedown(facingnorth).Thecoupletonthenichesaysthereason:"asktheBodhisattvawhyhesitsupsidedownandsighthatalllivingbeingsareunwillingtoturnback."In1990,the"pharmacistpagoda"wasrebuilt,whichisthefifthlargePagodainthehistoryofJimingtemple.Itwasburnedinearly2011,leavingonlyareinforcedconcreteskeleton.Therearealsofournichesinthemiddleofeachfloorofthepagoda,whicharecarvedwithPhoebeintheMingDynasty.TheywereoriginallyrelicsofZhongnanhaiinBeijing.EachnichehasastatueofPhoebepharmacistBuddha.Today,dozensofBuddhistnunsliveinJimingtemple,soitistheonlynunneryinthesoutheastcoastofChina.