丽江古城未受方九里，旁三门，国中九经九纬，经途九轨的中原建城复制影响。城中无规矩的道路网，无森严的城墙，古城布局中以三山为屏、一川相连;水系利用三河穿城、家家流水;街道布局经络设置有着曲、幽、窄、达的Hello,ladiesandgentlemen!
Hello,ladiesandgentlemen!WelcometoourbeautifulColorfulYunnan.It'sagreathonortomeetyou.I'mXiaoPu,ourtourguide.NexttomeismylittlefriendXiaoLi.Weareveryhonoredtobeyourtourguide.TheplacewearegoingtotodayistheancientcityofLijiang,whichisknownas"Gusuontheplateau"and"VeniceintheEast".Perhapsyoumaythink,howcouldXiaoPuboastsomuchaboutLijiang?Infact,Idon'texaggerateatall.TheancientcityofLijiangisjustbecausetheYuquanwaterrunsthroughthewholecity,whichisdividedintotheWestRiver,themiddleriverandtheEastRiver.Intheancientcity,itisdividedintomoretributaries,walkingthroughstreetsandalleys,wallsandhouses.Streetlayoutisfree,notneat.Themainstreetisneartheriver,thealleyisnearthecanal,andtheclearspringflowsthroughthestreet,thetownandthehouse.Thepoem"everyfamilyflowswithwater,andeveryfamilyhangswithYang"isatrueportrayalofthiscity,soalthoughitisasmalltownontheYunnanGuizhouPlateau,ithasthecharacteristicsofawatertowninthesouthoftheYangtzeRiver.
Dayantown
Next,letmetellyouaboutthehistoryofLijiang.TheancientcityofLijiangislocatedatthefootofYulongSnowMountain.Surroundedbygreenmountains,thecityislikeabigJasperinkstone.Inancienttimes,"inkstone"and"Yan"wereinterlinked.Therefore,thechieftainofMingDynastyrenamedtheancientcity"Dayan",whichmeansprosperouscultureandoutstandingpeople.
MaybebeforeLijianginthefuture,everyonehasheardthatLijiangancientcityhasonecharacteristic,thatis,itistheonlyancientcitywithoutcitywallsinChina'sfamoushistoricalandculturalcity.Whyistherenocitywalls?ItissaidthatthehereditaryrulersofLijiangallhavethesurnameofmu,sobuildingacityisboundtobelikeaddingaframewiththeword"trapped".ThechieftainofMufamilydidnotsetupacitywallbecauseoftaboo.
TheancientcitywasbuiltinthelateSouthernSongDynastywithahistoryofabout800years.Ithasbeenapolitical,economicandmilitarytowninNorthwestYunnanandahubfortheeconomicandculturalexchangesamongNaxi,Khan,Tibetandotherethnicgroups.XuXiake,afamousChinesetravelerinMingDynasty,oncewrotethat"thebeautyofthepalaceisdeterminedbytheking",whichisalsotheimportanttownoftheancientteahorseroadinhistory.Thecitycoversanareaof3.8squarekilometers,withapermanentpopulationof30000and16900Naxipeople.
LijiangancientcitywaslistedasanationalhistoricalandculturalcitybytheStateCouncilin1986,andasaworldculturalheritagebyUNESCOin1997.SowhatshouldwevisitinLijiang?
1、Climbingtherangerover,youcanseetheformoftheancientcity.Theancientcityskillfullyusedtheterrain,withlionmountaininthewest,XiangshanMountainandJinhongmountaininthenorth.Itwasmovedfromthenorthwesttothesoutheast,avoidingthecoldwindofsnowmountain,leadingtothewarmwindinthesoutheastandoccupyingtheconvenientplace.
2、Theancientcitymakesfulluseofthespringwater.TheYuheRiverinthecityisdividedintothreeparts,threepartsintonineparts,andthendividedintocountlesscanals,cleanandfullofaura.[byWww.QunZou.Com[finishing]
3、Walkingalongthestreet,youcanseethebuildingsoftheancientcity.Thebuildingsintheancientcityareallsimplecourtyardresidents.Thebuildingsaresimpleandcrude.Thecourtyardlayoutandtheinternalbuildingsarerichanddelicate,whichconstituteaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnature.
4、Ifyouenterthecityandcrossthebridge,youcanseethelayoutofthewholecity.Thelayoutoftheancientcityisfreeandflexible.Stonebridges,woodenbridges,flowers,birds,fishandinsects,musicalinstruments,chess,calligraphyandpainting,andfolkcustomsmaketheancientcityunique.
Entrancetotheancientcity
Wehavecometotheentranceoftheancientcity.Somepeoplesayit'samotherandson'swaterwheel,whileotherssayit'sacouple'swaterwheel.Howcanwenotseethegate?Infact,youcan'tseeit.It'salsoawonderofLijiangancientcity,thatis,youcan'tseethecitygateorthecitywall,becausethereisnocitywallorthecitygateintheancientcity,becausetheheadofNaxinationality'ssurnameis"Mu".Ifthecitywallandthecitygatearebuilt,itwillbecome"trapped".Sothereisnocitywallorthecitygateintheancientcity.Pleasesee,thisisthescreenwallofPresidentJiangZemin'sinscription"theancientcityofLijiang,aworldculturalheritage".Itisdignifiedandbeautiful."ThreesquaresandoneZhaobi"isthearchitecturalfeatureofNaxifolkhouses.Totherightisthewatercolumn.Itreflectstheimportanceoffirepreventionincivilstructurebuildingsofancientcityatthattime,whichisalsothewisdomofNaxiancestors.Thisisaworldheritagemonument.Thesymbolisconnectedbyacircleandabox,indicatingtheharmonybetweenmanandnature.Next,let'svisittheancientcity!
Layoutofancientcity
Ladiesandgentlemen,theremustbesuchaquestioninmind.TherearemanyancientcitieslikethisinChina.Whyisthisremoteancientcityontheplateauchosen?Ifyouwanttogettheanswer,pleasefollowXiaoLi.Alane,afamily,acarelessyoustandinahundredyearsofhistory,thisfeeling,ontheroad,invariouscourtyards,youcanfeeleverywhere.Therefore,thisancientcityisnotbuiltforfilmingormystery.It'sarealandlivingancientcity.Ifyoulookatit,youwillfeelthatit'smuchsmootherthantheroadyoujustwalked.Thestoneslabswithfiveflowersseemtohavealotofgravelinthem.However,it'sakindoflejiaoyanuniquetoLijiang.It'scollectedfromthesurroundingmountains.Becauseofitscolorfulcolors,thelocalpeoplecallitfiveflowersStone,pedestrianhorsetread,afterhundredsofyears,polishedsmoothandtransparent,first-classrain,poeticatyourfeet,thisstreetiscalledXinhuastreet.Onbothsidesofthestreet,youcanoccasionallyseecoupletsofdifferentcolorspastedonthedoorsofsomepeople'shouses.SomeNaxipeoplehavedied,andtheyallhavetocommemoratethreeyears.Thefirstyeariswhitecoupletwithblackcharacters,thesecondyearisgreencoupletwithblackcharacters,andthethirdyeariscoupletpasted.ThisisthenostalgiaofNaxipeoplefortheirdeadrelatives.Aftersomeforestlikepavements,clearriverwater,smallbridgesandweepingwillows,itisprintedinyoureyes,butyoudon'tseeitPassingbysuchaclearriver,Icanseerowsoftablesandchairsandburstsofmusiccomingintomyears.Thisiswhattheguestscall"ForeignerStreet".However,theshopsonthisstreetarenotrunbyforeigners.Thebarstherearebookish,rebelliousandpurebusiness.Everyonecangetwhattheywant.Theconvenientplaceforpeopleinthecityto"recharge"inLijiangis
Thebarlooksforfeeling,especiallyforforeigners.Therearefriends,therearebridges,water,aslongasnotdrunk,lifecanfindamomentofcarefree.Afterpassingthebarstreet,youcanseeasmallstonebridge,whichiscalledpeabridgebecauseitsoldpeasthereearlier.ThesmallgatebuildingonthewestofthebridgeisKegongsquare.Kegongsquareisnamedinthealleybehindthesquare.IntheJiaqingperiodoftheQingDynasty,thereweretwobrothersoftheYangfamilyinthealley,andintheDaoguangperiod,theiryoungerbrotherwaselectedagain.ThisisamatterofprideforLijiangpeople.InordertopraisetheYangfamilyandencouragethem,thegovernmentpraisedthemThisisaspecialplace.
Standingthere,lookingtotheEast,youcanseeanopenarea.ThisisthecentralSifangstreet.Sifangstreetisthecentralguangachangoftheancientcity,coveringanareaofaboutfivemu.TherearetwomainreasonswhyitiscalledSifangstreet.Onereasonisthattheshapeofthesquareisverysimilartothesquaremagistrate'sseal.ItisnamedSifangstreetbythechieftain,whichmeans"QuanZhenSifang".SomepeoplesaythattheroadthereleadstoSifangFangisthedistributioncenterofpeopleandlogisticsinalldirections,soitiscalledSifangstreet.WhyisSifangstreetsofamous?Ifwesaythatthesilkroadisanotherworld-famoustradechannelinthenorthofChina,thereisalsoatradechannelinthesouthofChinaknownasthe"teahorseancientroad".Itisatradechannelforthehorses,fur,TibetanmedicineandotherspecialtiesintheTibetanareaandLijiang,andtea,silk,jewelryandothercommoditiesinthesouth.Lijiangancientcityisanimportanttownontheteahorseancientroad,andSifangstreetistheimportantoneSinceancienttimes,Sifangstreet,thetradecenterofthetown,hasbeenanopen-airfairwithahistoryof300years.ItisnecessarytorealizethemysteryofSifangstreet.Intheearlymorning,peoplewhogetupearlybegintobuybreakfast,whichisahazySifangstreet.Intheafternoon,traderswhobuycopper,mountaingoodsandsnacksformaprosperousmarket.ThisisthereasonSifangstreetisfullofvigorandvitality;it'sjustdarkwhenbusinessmengohome,andafteratimeoffriction,therearestillpeopleandsunshineleft.Theoldpeoplebaskinginthesunatthebridgeheadarereplacedbychildrenplaying,andthebarsonbothsidesshowtheoilylightofnight,whichisthemakeupofSifangstreet.Atabouttwoo'clockinthemorning,Sifangstreetpeoplegotoemptystreets,andthealleysaredeepandunpredictable,onlythesoundofrunningwaterrisesandfalls,whichisthereasonIt'sLijiangwithaplainface.meet
Comedown,letmylittlefriendXiaoLi,continuetoshowyouhowtobrowse!
Ancientcitydwellings
Next,let'sgoto"NaxiSiheyuan"foravisit!ThefolkintheancientcityabsorbedthearchitecturalcultureofHan,Bai,Tibetanandothernationalities,butalsointegratedthenationalarchitecturalcultureandaestheticconsciousness,formingalotofNaxistyleof"threesquaresandonewall,fourinfivepatio".Thearchitecturalformofthefrontandrearcourtyard,thesettingofthegatehouseandthefrontbuilding,thepatiopaving,thesixdooranditsdecorativelightsconstituteastronglocalcolorandnationalcharacteristics.Speakingofthis,let'sgoinandhavealook.The"fourinfivepatios"therearefourhousesinthesoutheastandnorthwest.Thereisasmallpatiobetweeneachtwoneighboringhouses,andtherearefivepatiosinthemiddle.Soit'scalled"fourinfivepatios".Fourblocksofhousingareupstairsanddownstairsareimaginative,soitisalsocalled"zoumacornerbuilding".
Friendsmayask,whichpartofNaxiresidencehasthemostNaxicharacteristics?ThatisLiuhedoorandthewindowcoreonLiuhedoor-"fourseasonsBogu"."Fourseasons"isNash,whichmeans"fourseasons".ReflectingthehighexpectationsoftheNaxipeopleforlife,thissixdoorcanbeinstalledorremoved,convenientandflexible.Whenitisopened,itisthedoor,andwhenitisclosed,itisthewindow.Atordinarytimes,onlythetwointhemiddleareopened.Whenthereareredandwhiteevents,andtherearemanyguests,thesixdoorscanberemoved.Inthecompositionofthewindowcore,thefamousflowersanddifferentflowers,auspiciousbirdsandanimals,andperfectallusionsareusedtoexpresstheperfectwishesofNaxipeopleforfourauspiciousseasons,happinessoffortuneandlongevity,andfarmingandreading.
Mufu
Dearfriends,haveyoueverseentheTVseries"MufuFengyun"?"MufuFengyun"isshotinMufu.Whileenjoyingtheplot,youmustbeintoxicatedwiththebeautifulsceneryandlocalcustomsofLijiang.Nowlet'sgotoMufutohavealook!
WevisitedtheancientcityandSifangstreet.IfSifangstreetisthecenteroftheancientcity,Mufuistheheartoftheancientcityandthe"GrandViewGarden"ofLijiangancientcityculture.ThechieftainofNaxisurnamedMuonceruledLijiangfor470years.Afterthreedynastiesofyuan,MingandQing,atotalof23dynastieswerecontinued,andthiswoodenmansion,knownasLijiangForbiddenCity,wasbuilt.Mu'schieftainisloyaltotheimperialcourtandhasbeenpraisedbytheemperorformanytimes.ThisZhongyisquarewasapprovedbytheEmperorWanliofMingDynasty.Itiscalled"famousThreePagodaTempleinDaliandfamousstonearchwayinLijiang".
Pleasesee,thereisMufu.TheoverallstructureofMufu,fromeasttowest,istheZhongyisquarethatwehavejustseen,followedbythefrontgate,Zhaobi,conferencehall,wanjuanbuilding,Dharmaprotectionhall,guojielou,Guangbibuilding,YuyinbuildingandSanqinghall.
TheMufuweseenowwasbuiltaftertheearthquakeofmagnitude7in1996.Thisistheassemblyhall.Theassemblyhallisdignified,spaciousandmagnificent.Itistheplacewherethechieftainssummontheirguests.Look,therearethreeplaquesonthedoorbeamoftheassemblyhall,allofwhicharewrittenwiththewords"servethecountrysincerely".TheyarethecommendationsofthethreeemperorsHongwu,YongleandJiajingoftheMingDynasty.SowhydidtheimperialcourtrelysomuchontheMufamily?ThisisbecausetheNaxipeopleliveinthehinterlandofJiangwanintheupperreachesofJinshaRiver,withTubointhenorthandNanzhaoDaliinthesouth.Thesetwolocalforcesoftenbecametheunstablefactorsinthesouthwestfrontierofthecentraldynasty,sotheNaxinationalityplayedanimportantrole.
Thisiswanjuanbuilding.Wanjuanbuildinghasthreefloors.Look,therearenowindowsonthesecondfloor.Youcan'tseethesecondfloorfromthebottomofthebuilding,sotherearemanypreciousbooksinit.Toputitsimply,thewanjuanbuildingisaplacefullofbooks,withbooksonthefirstfloor,booksonthesecondfloorandbooksonthethirdfloor.Nowyoucangoinandvisityourself.Pleaseabidebytheorderinthemuseum.Bookscanbereadbutnottouched!BehindthewanjuantoweristheDharmahall.Itisthehouseofchieftainstodiscussfamilyaffairs.InadditiontothememorialtabletsofMu'sancestors,therearebenches,sticksandothertoolsforcorporalpunishment.YoucanseethatitistheplacewhereMasterMuusesfamilyrulesandfamilylawstodisciplinehischildren.Itlooksliketheancestralhallweusuallycall.
AfterpassingtheDharmaprotectionhall,wewalkthroughanancientoverpass.ThisoverpasscanberegardedasacreationofthechieftainofMufamily,whichisbasedonthelocalconditionsandthepeople.Inthisway,thegovernmentandthepeopleareatpeaceanddonotinterferewitheachother.Let'sgouptotheGuangbibuildingofMufu.Thisisa1:300modeloftheancientcity,whereyoucanclearlyseethewholepictureoftheancientcityandMufu.ThisistheYulongbridge,thenorthentranceoftheancientcity.ThisistheWestRiver,themiddleriverandtheEastRiver.Wholosthiswayintheancientcity,then,upstreammustbeabletowalktotheYulongbridge.ThesepicturesshowtherichhistoryandcultureandmagnificentnaturalsceneryofLijiang,pleasebrowse.
Ifyougofurther,thisistheYuyinbuilding.Onthefirstfloorandinfrontofthebuildingaretheplaceswherethechieftainssing,danceandfeast.OnthesecondflooraretheplaceswheretheFengzhaoandHeshuareworshipped.Therearecopiesofwhitesandmuralsinthehall.Baishamuralisanationalkeyculturalrelic.ItintegratesHanBuddhism,TibetanBuddhismandTaoismintoonepicture,andmakesthreereligionsliveinoneroom.Thispracticeofintegratingthethreereligionsisrareinotherplaces.InLijiang,becausetheNaxirepresentedbyMu'schieftainisanopennation,theyareculturallyinclusive.
Afteryuyinlou,wecometothefinalbuildingontheaxisofMufu,Sanqinghall.Fromthere,wecanhaveabird's-eyeviewoftheancientcityandMufu,andwecanseetheancientcitydescribedbyXuXiakeas"Julupianji,lingeringintheslopeandvalley",andMufu's"beautyofpalaceisliketheking".
Mufuisasplendidgardenofarchitecturalart,whichfullyreflectstheelegantdemeanoroftheCentralPlainsarchitectureintheMingDynasty,whileretainingthesimplicityandruggednessoftheCentralPlainsarchitectureintheTangandSongdynasties.
WhenyouvisitLijiangancientcity,youshouldnotmissNaxiancientmusic.Naxiancientmusic,whichiscalled"lostmusicinallpartsofChina",consistsoftwoparts:BaishaXiyueandLijiangDongjingmusic.Afterhundredsofyearsofdevelopmentandchanges,NaxiancientmusichasformedauniquestyleofintegrationofHanandNaxiMusic,whichhasastrongnationalandfolkcolor.LivinginLijiangancientcity,themostperfectarrangementatnightistolistentoNaxiancientmusic.
OK,whenyougetthere,you'llhaveagoodviewoftheancientcity.Ourjourneyiscomingtoanend.Duringthishappytime,wevisitedLijiangancientcity,whichisfamousbothathomeandabroadandhasthereputationof"VeniceofChina"and"GusuofPlateau".Thankyouforyourunderstanding,supportandcooperationwithXiaoPuandmealongtheway.Wearedeeplyimpressedbyyourenthusiasm.Atthesametime,wehopethatourservicecanleaveyousomeperfectmemories.Finally,Isendmybestwishestoyou,andIsincerelyhopewecanmeetagain.Thankyou!