武汉大学溯源于1893年清末湖广总督张之洞奏请清政府创办的自强学堂。2023年，武汉大学与武汉水利电力大学、武汉测绘科技大学、湖北医科大学合并组建新的武汉大学。
Thegreenhouseisdividedintothreeexhibitionareas:tropicalrainforestexhibitionarea,desertplantexhibitionareaandorchidexhibitionarea.Firstofall,wecometothetropicalrainforestexhibitionarea.Withatotalareaof1845squaremeters,itisthelargestmainexhibitionareaofthewholegreenhouse.Therearemorethan1500cultivatedspecies,includingPalmaceae,Moraceae,Bromeliaceae,Araceae,Liliaceae,Zingiberaceae,Musaceae,Araliaceae,acanthopanaxsenticosus,Euphorbiaceae,Begoniaceaeandvariousferns.Theroomsimulatesthesceneryoftropicalrainforest,anditisalsodominatedbytropicalandsubtropicalplants.Accordingtotheirdifferentterrainandfunctions,theyareplantedseparatelytoformauniqueecologicallandscapeoftropicalrainforest.Highlightingtheprimitivejungleatmosphere,palmfamilyincludesKingcoconutandoldmansunflower(oldmansunflowerisalsocalledWashingtonsunflower,belongingtoWashingtonfamilyofpalmfamily,nativetoIndia,Malaysia,etc.).Woodyplants,evergreentrees,foliageplants,evergreencoconuttrees.)Forsugarproducingplants,peoplearemostfamiliarwithsugarcaneintheSouthandbeetinthenorth.Infact,sugarpalminpalmitaceaeisalsoanexpertinsugarproduction.SugarpalmisproducedintropicalAsiaandAfrica.Itistallandhaslargeanddensepinnateleaves.Itsnectarcontainssugar.Aftertheinflorescenceiscut,alargeamountofsugarjuicecanflowout.Theamountofjuiceoffemaleplantisabout50%morethanthatofmaleplant.Thejuicecanbeusedasbeverage,fermentedwineorconcentratedboilingfor5hoursTropicalfruitisthefruitoftheheart(fruitoftheheartbelongstomountainolivefamilyfruitoftheheart).ItisnativetoMexico,CentralAmericaandSoutheastAsia.ChinaismainlydistributedinHainan,Guangdong,Fujian,Taiwan,Guangxi,Yunnanandotherplaces.Evergreentrees.Humanheartfruitisnamedbecauseitslongitudinalsectionlookslikehumanheart.Thebesttastewas5-7daysafterharvest.Themilkofbarkisgum;theoilcontentofseedkernelisupto20%,andtheroot,skinandleafcanbeusedformedicine.)Mangoes(mangoesbelongtothegenusmangiferaceae,enjoyingthereputationof"kingoftropicalfruits".Mangoisanevergreentree.Thenutritionalvalueofmangoisveryhigh,andthecontentofvitaminAisashighas3.8%,whichistwiceasmuchasthatofapricot.ThecontentofvitaminCisalsohigherthanthatoforangesandstrawberries.Mangocontainssugar,protein,calcium,phosphorus,ironandothernutrients,whicharenecessaryforhumanbody.It'snotseasick,it'sdisgustingBecausethecrosssectionislikeafivepointedstar,itisalsocalled"starpear"abroad.ItisoneofthefamousLingnanfruits.Oxalaceae,evergreenorsemievergreentrees.Itcanproducefluidandquenchthirst.Itisbeneficialtourination,heatdissipation,painreliefandhemostasis.Besides10%sugar,itisalsorichinvitaminAandC.Amongthem,therearewaterfallstowelcomevisitors,greenwatertoappreciatepearls,caveheavenandblessedland,andMaotingpath.
YouwillseethistreeisDracaena,atropicalevergreentree,fortheagavefamily,Dracaena.Onceitsbarkiscut,itwillflowoutbrightredjuice,likethebloodofthehumanbody,henceitsname.Mostofthemaredistributedinlimestoneareaswithhighaltitude,upto20metershigh,belongingtoclassIInationalprotectedplants.ThejuiceofDracaenaDracaenahasveryhighmedicinalvalue.ItcanextractthepreciousYunnanredmedicine,DracaenaDracaena,alsoknownasKirin'sDracaena,whichisasfamousasYunnanBaiyao.Itisalsothemaincomponentofthefamousmedicine"Qilisan".LiShizhenpraiseditas"theholymedicineofpromotingbloodcirculation"incompendiumofMateriaMedica.Ithasthegoodeffectsofpromotingbloodcirculation,removingbloodstasis,detumescence,relievingpain,astringencyandhemostasis.Itcanbetakenorallyandusedexternally.ItisagoodtreatmentItisaspecialmedicinefortraumaticinjury,promotingbloodcirculationandhemostasis.In1972,ProfessorCaiXitao,afamousbotanistandfounderofXishuangbannaTropicalBotanicalGarden,firstdiscoveredalargeareaofDracaenaDracaenaonthelimestonemountaininMenglianCounty,SimaoPrefecture,YunnanProvince.ThegrowthofDracaenaDracaenaisveryslow.Itstrunkislessthan1cmthickinoneyear,butitslifespanisthelongestintheplantkingdom,upto8000years,soitiscalled"thelongevityofplants"bybotanists.
Youcanseethisisakapoktree,alargedeciduoustreeofthekapokfamily.Itisalsocalledtheherotreebecauseitgrowsverystraightandhasredflowerslikeblood.Theheightofthetreeisabout10meters.Thetreeanditsbranchesarelongandhard.ItmainlygrowsinthesouthofChina.ItbloomsinMarchandAprileveryyear.Itsfloweriscalledkapok.Itcanbeusedasmedicinalmaterialandhasthefunctionofclearingawayheatanddampness.ItisthecityflowerofGuangzhou.Hereitmainlyshowsthetropicalrain
Thereisaspecialphenomenonofrootplateinforest.
Generally,therootsofplantsplungeintothesoiltoabsorbwaterandnutrients,supplythegrowthofstems,branchesandleavesofabovegroundparts,andalsoplayasupportingroleinbearingthegravityofabovegroundparts.Inordertobetterperformtheabovefunctions,therootsalwaysdevelopindepthandbreadth.Thetreesinthemiddleandupperlayersoftropicalrainforestaregenerally30-40metersindiameter,andtheircrownsarealsoverywide.Ifthereisnostrongrootsystemasthefoundation,thesetreeswillbetopheavyandunstable,andwillsinkorbedestroyedbytropicalstorms.Becausethetropicalrainforestisinarainyandhumidclimate,thewaterinthesoilisalwayssaturatedornearlysaturatedinthelongrainyseason.Therootsoftreesarerequiredfor"breathing",sotheyaredifficulttopenetrateintothedeepsoillayerlackingair.Sinceitisdifficulttoenterthedeepsoilandtosupporttheabovegroundparts,theyadoptthestrategyofdevelopingtothesurfacespace.Forexample,thiskapoktreechoosestoextendthestemofthetrunklikeawingtoallsidestoformaplate-shapedroot,whichiscalled"plateroot",andmeanderingalongthegroundtosolvetheproblemof"heavyheadandlightfootandshallowroot".Thewonderofnaturalcreaturesliesintheirharmoniousrelationshipwiththeenvironmentandthesurvivalofthefittest.
Underthekapoktreeisthegoldenbractflower,alsoknownasthegoldenbractshrimpclothingflower,AcanthaceaethickearAcanthopanaxisanevergreensubshrub.Thebractsareheart-shaped,goldenyellow,about3cmlong;theflowersaremilkywhite,lipshaped,about5cmlong,protrudingfromthebracts.NativetoPeruandMexico.First,thetemperatureshouldbeappropriate.Thesuitabletemperatureforitsgrowthis20℃to28℃.Thesecondisthesuitablelight.Third,watershouldbesufficient.Fourth,thesoilshouldbewellpermeable.Fifthly,fertilizershouldbeusedintherightway.
Walkinginthebeautifultropicalrainforest,youmaysuddenlyfind:aclumpofstrangeemeraldgreenleavesgrowsonthetrunkofatalltree,bothupwardanddownward.Thetopofeachleafsplitsintotwopieces,andeachpiecesplitsintotwopieces,andsoon.ItlookslikethehornofaWapiti.Thisisthefamouswildornamentalplant,thesecondlevelnationalkeyprotectionplant-antlerfern.Thisistheoneyoucansee.Itisaperennialevergreenepiphyticherbaceousfoliageplantofantlerfernfamily.Althoughantlerferntakesthetalltreesasitshome,itdoesnoharmtothetrees,becauseitisanepiphyticplant,notaparasiticplant.Itcanfeeditselfonlyonthefoodgivenbyairandrain,anddoesnotneedtoabsorbthenutritionoftrees.ThefirstdiscoveryofwildantlerferninChinaisintheprimevalforestofDayingjiang,YunnanProvince.Becauseantlerfernoftengrowsontheknotsorbranchesoftreetrunks,localpeoplealsocallit"treeclothes".
Ifyoulookupatthisplantagain,ithasmanybroadleavesaroundtheshortstem,formingabasininthecenter,soitisnamedbird'sNestFern.Ifyoualsowanttoplantbird'sNestFern,youshouldknowthatitisalsoepiphyticfern,soyoucan'tuseordinaryculturesoil,butusefernroot,barkblock,moss,brokenbrickmixedwithsawdust,coconutbranandsoonaspottingsubstrate.Atthesametime,usethecultivationcontainerwithgoodairpermeability,andfillthebottomofthecontainerwithbrokenwoodBrickandotherlargeparticlematerials,inordertofacilitateventilationrowsmall.Bird'sNestFerncanalsobeplanteddirectlyonthefalsetreeorwoodsection,butitisnecessarytospraywaterfrequentlytomaintainhighairhumidity.Bird'sNestFernlikeswarm,humidandsemishadeconditionswithstrongscatteredlight.Itcangrowallyearroundundertheconditionofhightemperatureandhumidity.Theoptimumtemperatureforitsgrowthis20-22℃.Thetemperatureofoverwinteringinwinteris5.Inspringandsummer,itisnecessarytowatermoreandspraywaterontheleafsurfacefrequentlytokeeptheleafsurfaceclean.Generally,70%-80%ofairhumidityissuitable.
Butalsopayattentiontothewaterinthebasinwhenwatering,otherwiseitiseasytorotrootanddie.Inthegrowingseason,thedecomposedliquidfertilizerwasappliedonceeverytwoweekstoensuretheplantgrowthanddarkgreenleaves.
Heretheymainlyshowtheskygardenphenomenonoftropicalrainforest.Inthedarkandhumidtropicalrainforest,therearemanyepiphytes,whichcanskillfullyusethetreerightandthenutrientgrowthintheresidualbirdmanure,litterordustonthebranches.Nowbird'sNestFernandantlerfernareepiphyticontherubbertree,hanginghighintheair.Whentheflowersbloom,theirflowersseemtobloomintheair,sotheyformawonderfulskygarden.
LongtuzhuisawoodyLianabelongingtoJatrophaofVerbenaceae.LongtuzhuisnativetotropicalAfrica.Thesuitabletemperatureforitsgrowthis18℃to24℃andthetemperatureinwinterisnotlowerthan8℃.Longtuzhuisanexcellentpottedflowerwithdarkgreenleaves,peculiarflowershapeandredinwhite,justlikeyoulongtuzhu.
Bambusa,alsoknownasGuanyinzhu,isagenusofBambusainPalmaceae,whichoriginatedinGuangdong,YunnanandotherplacesinChina.Itleavesterminalpalmatedivision,culmcoveredwithbracthair,bracthairfalloff,therearenodessuchasbamboo.
Redbackosmanthus,alsoknownasredbackosmanthus,Euphorbiaceae,Aquilaria.ItisnativetoGuangdong,GuangxiandVietnam,andwidelycultivatedinSouthChina.It'sanevergreenshrub,greenonthesurfaceandpurplishredontheback.Theflowersareunisexual,dioecious,yellowatfirst,andyellowwhitelater.Thefloweringperiodissummerandautumn.
Saxifragaisalsoknownasgoldenlotus.ItisaperennialherbaceousfoliageplantbelongingtoSaxifragaceae.ItisproducedinChinaandJapan.Inrecentyears,withthepopularizationandplantingofperennialherbs,theycanbeplantedunderthebigtreesofoldgreenspace,usedasgroundcover,orplantedbesidebuildingsorrocks.ItisalsoatraditionalChineseherbalmedicineinChina.
Inthegreenplantkingdom,pteridophytesarealowerclassgroupofhigherplants.Intheancientgeologicalperiod,mostofthefernsweretalltrees.Later,duetothechangesofthecontinent,mostofthemweredeeplyburiedandturnedintocoal.Mostoftheplantsthatexistontheearthtodayareshortherbaceousplants,andonlyafewwoodyspecieshavesurvived.Sofar,Alsophilaspinulosaisoneofthem.Alsophilaspinulosa,alsoknownastreefern,isupto8metershigh.FernfamilyAlsophila.Becauseitistheonlywoodypteridophyte,extremelyprecious,soitislistedasakindofkeyprotectedplantbythestate.Thishugefernoncespreadallovertheworldinancienttimesandwasoneofthefoodofdinosaursatthattime.Today'srelicttreespecieshavebecome"livingfossils".Ithashighscientificresearchvalueinspeciesevolution,climatechange,geographicalmovementandsoon.Fromtheappearance,Alsophilaspinulosalookslikeacoconuttree.Itstrunkiscylindrical,uprightandstraight.Onthetopofthetree,therearemanylargeandlongpinnatecompoundleaves,whicharefloatinginalldirections.Ifitsleavesarereversed,manysporangiacanbeseenontheback.Therearemanysporesinthesporangia.Alsophilaspinulosahasnoflowers.Ofcourse,itdoesnotbearfruitsandseeds.Itdependsonthesesporestoreproduce.Alsophilaspinulosalikeswarmandhumidclimate.ItisdistributedinYunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,Tibet,Guangxi,Guangdong,TaiwanandotherplacesinChina.Itoftengrowsundertheforestorinthewetandshadyplacesbesidetheriverandvalley.Alsophilaspinulosaalsohasmanyuses.Itsstem
Richinstarch,itcanbeusedforfood,vasesandotherutensils.Andasmedicine,traditionalChinesemedicineiscalledFeitianJue,longlongfeng.Ithassmallpoison,candriverheumatism,strengthenmusclesandbones,clearawayheatandstopcough.Alsophilaspinulosahasabeautifulbodyandisagoodgardenornamentaltree.
NymphaeaisaperennialaquaticherbbelongingtoNymphaeaceae,alsoknownasmeridionallotus,waterhyacinth,watercelery,etc.itsleavesarefloatingonthewatersurface,withroundshieldshapedleaves,greenleavesandpurplebackleaves.Itsflowershavewhite,red,pink,yellow,blue,purpleandothercolors.ItsfloweringperiodisfromJunetoAugust.Eachflowercanopencontinuouslyfor4-7days,andthengraduallycurlandsinkintothewaterafterwithering.Becauseofitsbeautifulflowersandleaves,richcolorsandlongfloweringperiod,ithasalwaysbeendeeplylovedbypeople.Becausewaterlilyrootcanabsorbmercury,lead,phenolandothertoxicsubstancesinwater,itisarareplantmaterialforwaterpurification,soithasbeenpaidmoreattentionintheconstructionofurbanwaterpurification,greeningandbeautification.Mostwaterliliesopennearnoonandcloseintheevening.Atpresent,itiscultivatedinallprovincesinChina.Therhizomeofwaterlilycanbeusedforfoodorwinemaking,andcanalsobeusedasmedicinetotreatchildren'schronicconvulsion.Waterlilyisdividedintotropicalwaterlily,coldzonewaterlilytwokinds,cold,notcold.Tropicalwaterlily,nativetotheAmazonRiverBasin,cankeepbloomingifthetemperatureiskeptat18infourseasons.Theirdifferencesareasfollows:
"Asingletreedoesnotmakeaforest"isanoldsayingrichinphilosophy.However,thingsintheworldarenotasmonotonousaspeoplethink.Althoughasingletreeisnotavastforest,sometreeswillcreatea"forest"spectacle.Asingletreegrowsmany"treescholars",formingaforestlandscape.Themaintreesthatcreate"forestbythemselves"aremulberrytreesandbanyantrees.Thisiswhatyouseenow.Itgrowsrapidly,hasastrongplant,hasabroadcrown,anditsbranchesandleavesareevergreenalltheyearround.Itiscommonlyknownasbiggreentree.Youmayseethatithasalotofwhiskers.Infact,theyarecalled"airrooting".Theybelongtoakindofadventitiousrootsandareaspecialformofrootsofbanyantrees.Banyanhasalonglifespan,fastgrowthandwelldevelopedlateralbranchesandroots.Therearemanyskinholesonthebranches,andmanyaerialrootscangroweverywhere,hangingdownlikeabeard.Theseaerialrootsgrowdownwardandthickenintothesoiltoformpillarroots,whichdonotbranchorgrowleaves.ThefunctionofaerialrootingofFicusmicrocarpaisthesameasotherroots,whichcanabsorbwaterandnutrients.Atthesametime,italsosupportstheexpandingbranchesandmakesthecrownexpand.Itstandslikeatreetrunkbetweenthelandandthemainbranches.Whentheoldtreesaresurroundedbypillarrootsofdifferentsizes,thegroundoccupiedbyasingletreegivesrisetothesceneof"becomingaforest".Ahugeoldbanyantreecanhavemorethanathousandpillars.Itscanopycancovermorethan6000squaremeters,whichisknownas"standaloneforest".
Pandanusisasmalltreeinthefamilyofpandanus.Itsfibercanbeusedtomakeavarietyofhandicrafts.Freshflowerscontainaromaticoil.Roots,leaves,flowersandfruitsareusedformedicine.Itcancurenephritis,edemaandotherinflammatoryphlegm.ItismainlydistributedinGuangdong,Guangxi,Fujian,Yunnan,TaiwanandotherprovincesinChina.ItisalsodistributedinothertropicalAsiaandsouthernAustralia,butmostlyincoastalsandyland.Inancienttimes,XishuangbannawasapartoftheancientMediterranean.DuetotheHimalayanorogenyinthegeologicalhistory,theancientMediterraneanretreatedtotheWestandexperienced"vicissitudes".Butwhocanwitnessit?Theresearchresultsofgeologicalstructureandpaleontologybearwitness,whichisconclusiveevidenceforscience.Buttheseevidencesareall"dead"things,whichsometimescannotbeexplainedclearlybecauseof"deathwithoutproof".Fortunately,naturehasleftdozensofplantsinXishuangbannaaslivingtestimonybecauseofits"fear",amongwhichtheLudoutreeisaveryconvincingone.AfterthedisappearanceoftheancientMediterranean,it"believed"thatXishuangbannawasagoodland,butdidnotmovetotheseawithitsfamily.Afteralongperiodoftrainingandevolution,itbecameamemberofthetropicalrainforestthatdevelopedlater,andgraduallyadaptedtotheacidicsoil,humidanddarkforestenvironmentofthetropicalrainforest.Moreover,italsochangedthehabitthatitcouldnotgrowexceptbythesea.However,itmaybesomeofthereasonsthat"riversandmountainsareeasytochangebuthabitsaredifficulttomove"
Geneticgenesarestillworking.Itneedstogrowalotofaerialrootsinthelowerpartofthetrunkanddevelopintopillarrootstomaintainitsoriginalhabitofgrowingonthebeachfor"breathing"andsupportingtheplantsontheground.
Nowyouareenteringthedesertexhibitionareaofsucculentplants.Becausetheyhavetoenduretheharshenvironmentofdroughtandheatinthedesert,somepartsoftheirbodieshaveevolvedintofatwatercontainers,andsomeeventheirleaveshavedegeneratedintothornsorcompletelydisappeared.Unlikeotherplants,theseplantsusuallyopentheirstomatawhenitiscoolatnighttoreleaseoxygenandabsorbcarbondioxidePlacedathome,itisanatural"airfreshener",whichisverybeneficialtohealth.