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TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisacountrywithapresidentsystem.ThepresidentofUSAisnotonlyheadofthestateandthegovernment,butalsoadministrativedepartmentsofthesupremeleaderandarmycommander,usuallycalledMr.President.Thereare44presidentsinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.AbrahamLincolnisthe16thonewhomaintainedtheunityofthenationandabolishedtheslaverythatinfluencedthenationmuch.HeisthefirstRepublicanpresidentandalsorankedamongthegreatestpresidentrankedfirst.USAonceheldapollin2005--"thegreatestAmericans",LincolnwaselectedAmericafigureofsecond.Heisoneofthemostpopularpresidents.
OnFebruary12,1809,AbrahamLincolnwasborninapoorfamilyinHardinCountyinKentuckyprefecture.HisparentsaredescendantsofBritishimmigrants,takingfarmingandhunting.Whenhewasyoung,hehelpedthefamilymovefirewood,water,dofarmworkandsoon.In1816,Lincoln'sfamilymovedtoIndianaSouthwest.Athisageof9,hismotherdiedwhowasjust36yearsold.Secondyears,hisfathermarriedakindnessandenlightenedwomannamedSarahBush,andthefamilylivedhappily.Becauseofpoverty,hiseducationdegreewasn'thigh.Inordertoearnmoney,hewasaferryworkerontheOhioRiverandaplantationworkerwhenhewasyoung.
Lincolnisamanwholovesreading.Athisyoungage,hereadallthewritingsofShakespeareand"Americanhistory",alsoreadlotsofbooksabouthistoryandliterature.Hebecamealearnedandwisdommanthroughself-study.Heranforstatesenatorthatmeantheembarkedonapoliticalroadsince1832.Finallyhewaselectedpresidentin1860.Inthe28years,hehasundergonealotofdifficultiesthatnormalpeoplecannotimagine.Eightelections,eightvotedout,twicefailedinbusiness,andevenoncementalcollapse,manytimes,hecouldgiveup,buthedidn't.Justbecauseofnotgivingup,hebecameoneofthegreatestpresidentsinthehistoryofAmerica.TheteacheroftherevolutionMarxhighlyevaluatedLincoln,"heisamanwhowillnotbescaredbydifficulties,nottoconfuseforsuccess,herefusetobecowedorsubmittohisgreatgoal,butneveractrashlyandblindly,hesteadilyforward,andneverback;......Inaword,heisararecharacterthatachievedthegreatrealmandstillmaintainedhisexcellentquality".Owingtohisviewofabolishingslavery,Lincoln'selection,threatenedthebenefitsoftheSouthernplantationowners.Theycertainlydon'twantamanwhoadvocatestheabolitionofslaveryastheirpresident.ThentheCivilWarbrokeoutin1861.
Atthebeginningofthewar,LincolntriedtoseekthepolicythatcompromisedwiththeSouthernplantationowners.Withthemilitarylosingground,Lincolnrealizedthattoabolishslaverytruly,theremusthavesacrifice,peacefulmeanscannotsolveanyproblems.Iftheywanttowinthewar,theymusttransfertheenthusiasmoffarmers,abolishtheslavery,andliberateblackslaves.In1862May,LincolnsignedtheHomesteadAct.Thismeasureeliminatedthepossibilityofsouthernslaveownerstoseizethewesternlandfundamentally,butalsomettheurgentneedsofthepeasants,greatlystimulatedtheenthusiasmoffarmerstoparticipatein.OnJanuary1,1863,
"EmancipationProclamation"waspromulgatedformally,announcedtheabolitionofslaveryintherebelstatestoday,theliberatedslavescancallintheunionarmy.Announcedtheslavesfree,fundamentallyunderminedtherebels'fightingforce,meanwhile,theYankeeshadabundantmanpower.In1864,Lincolnputforwardsloganthat"thepeople,bythepeople".Itenhancedtroop'smorale.InApril,1865,theYankeesachievedvictoryintheCivilWar,meaningthewarthatlastedfouryearsended.TheCivilWariscalledthesecondrevolutionaftertheWarofIndependence.Lincolnbecameasymbolofblackliberation.
BecauseLincolncanadapttothedemandofthemasses,destroyedslaveryinarevolutionaryway,andsolvedthepeople'sdemandforlandintheCivilWarofthemostcriticaljuncture,thushepromotedthedevelopmentofAmerica'scapitalism,andmadeimportantcontributionstosafeguardnationalunityandliberateblackslaves.DuetotheexcellentachievementsofAbrahamLincoln,hewaselectedasAmerica'spresidentagainonNovember8,1864.However,Lincolnhaven'tputhispost-warpoliciesintoeffect,tragedyhappened.BecauseslaveownershatredLincolnextremely.OnApril14,1865nightattenfifteen,fifthdaysafterthesurrenderoftheSouthernarmy.LincolnwasattackedbyanassassininFordtheatreinWashington.Lincoln'sunfortunatedeathcausedahugeshockathomeandabroad.Americanpeopleconveyedprofoundcondolencestohim,about7,000,000peoplestoodmourningfuneralprocessiononbothsidesoftheroad,andthereare1,500,000peoplelookedatLincoln'sfacewithreverence.
Lincolnwasburiedinhishometown--IllinoisSpringfield.Hiswifewaslaterburiedinthere,too.Sofar,motorvehiclelicenseplateofIllinois'sself-proclaimed"StateofLincoln".In1867,tocommemorateLincoln,oneofthegreatestpresidentsinAmerican'shistory,thecountytownofLancasterCounty,renamedtheLincoln,andbecamethestate'scapital.
Althoughnottoreceiveadvancededucation,Lincolnhasexcellenteloquenceandgrace,thedirectembodimentisthefamousGettysburgaddress.Thelastsentencebecamethedefinitionofmoderndemocraticgovernment:toenableustogetfreelivingunderGodinthiscountry,thegovernmentofthepeople,bythepeopleandforthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.TherearefourpresidentialgiantstatuesintheRushmoreNationalPark,Lincoln'sisintheright.LincolnMemorialinthecapitalofAmerica--Washington,islocatedontheNationalMall,isoneofthemostfamousmonumentsofthenational.
Lincolnisanoutstandingstatesman,alsoadistinguishedlawyer.InordertopromotethedevelopmentofAmericansocial,AbrahamLincolnhasmadetremendouscontributions.HegainedAmerican'srespect,hispopularityevenmorethanWashingtoninAmerican'smind.Rememberedforhisintegrity,kindnessandstrongpersonality,hehasbeenoneoftheAmericanhistory'smostadmiredpresident.HistoriansregardWashingtonasthefather,whileLincolnastheNationalsalvation.InAmerican,thethirdMondayofFebruaryeachyearisthe"President'sDay",tocommemoratethetwogreatleaders.Inbrief,AbrahamLincolnistheinfluentialpresidentintheAmericanhistory.