独乐寺位于蓟县城武定北侧,它始建于天宝十一年,辽代重建。下面是皮学网带来的天津独乐寺英文导游词,欢迎欣赏。独乐寺有五个之最:观音阁是我国仅存的最古老的木结构高层楼阁;观音像是我国仅存的最大古代泥塑之一;山门为现存最早,等级最高的庑殿顶山门;山门正脊上有最早的鸱吻;独乐寺为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。
独乐寺位于蓟县城武定北侧,它始建于天宝十一年,辽代重建。关于独乐寺的得名,这里有三种说法,第一种说法是独乐寺的主体建筑是十一面观世音的内部,就是一颗参天而立的独梨树;第二种说法是,安禄山起兵反唐,这里是誓师地,他“盖思独乐而不与民同乐”,故名独乐寺:还有一种说法是,“佛家清心寡欲,独以普渡众生为乐”故名独乐寺。整个独乐寺有三部分组成,东路是清朝皇帝辟建的行宫,西路是僧房,中路由山门,观音之阁,八角亭,卧佛殿,三佛殿组成。整体建筑布局简洁,主题突出,宏伟庄严。独乐寺有五个之最:观音阁是我国仅存的最古老的木结构高层楼阁;观音像是我国仅存的最大古代泥塑之一;山门为现存最早,等级最高的庑殿顶山门;山门正脊上有最早的鸱吻;独乐寺为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。
AloneletemplelocatedinjixiancityWuDingnorthside,itwasYuTianBaoelevenyears,liaoreconstruction.Aboutaloneletempleofnamed,herearethreekindsofviews,thefirstscenarioisthemainarchitectureofthemusicalonetempleistenside,itisacombinationofinternalstarstandsalone;peartreetoweringThesecondargumentisthatwaragainsttangtroopsstationed,hereispledgingto"coverthoughtalone,heSharedwithpeoplewithoutmusic,"friendnamealoneletemple:anothertheory"buddhistless-desired,alonetoself-salvationforle"friendnamealoneletemple.Thewholealoneletemplehasthreeparts,roadistheqingemperorsmonarchpalace,builtinthewestismonkroom,bythemiddleoftheentrance,guanyinrestaurant,BaJiaoTing,lieshrive,threeshrivecomposition.Thewholebuildinglayoutisconcise,subjectisoutstanding,themajestic.Therearefivealoneletempleofmost:GuanYinGeisChina'sonlytosavetheoldesttimberworkhigh-risecastles,KuanYinlikeChinathebiggestonlytosaveoneofancientclaysculpture,Fortheearliestextantentrance,thehighestlevelofWuhousetopentrance,EntranceisridgehastheearliestChiWen;Aloneletempletothefirstnationalkeyunitsofculturalrelicsprotection.
现在,我们到站了。
Nowwearrived.
现在我们大家看到的这个建筑就是山门,他高10米,面阔三间,进深两间,中间坐穿堂,两侧是稍间。在山门的檐下有一块匾,上书“独乐寺”三个字,为明代大学士严嵩手笔,据说他在北方只留下六个字,另外三个字就是北京的“六必居”三个字。
Now,let'sseethebuildingentrance,heis10mtall,surfacebroadlythreerooms,descendtworooms,sittingamongChuanTang,bothsidesarealittleroom.AttheentranceYanXiaaplaqueproclaiming,"aloneletemple"threewords,YanSongdescriptionsforMinguniversity,heissaidtobeinthenorthernleaveonlysixwords,anotherthreewordisBeijing's"sixwilldwell"threeword.
在山门的前两稍间有两尊辽代的金刚力士站像,也就是我们俗称的哼哈二将,从他们的嘴形和手形可看出,左边这尊闭口,握手为“哼”将,右边张口,伸手为“哈”将,他们都是4.5米高,肌肉隆起,威武雄壮,紧守着山门,他们站在此地已经是一千多年的历史了。我们看这两根中柱的中间,相传以前有一扇大门,由于年代久远,这门及应不存了,但这里是山门和观音之阁的分界线,站在门槛这一边看观音之阁,只能看到局部,跨过门槛一步,大阁全貌就尽收眼底了。大家不妨试一下,这是魏晋时期,普遍采用的画框式结构。山门北稍间的两侧是清光绪年间绘制的四大天王像。先看东侧:南方增长天王,手持宝剑;东方持国天王,手持琵琶。西侧的两尊:北方多闻天亡,手持雨伞;西方广目天王,手握银蛇。四大天王手中所持之物组成一个成语“风调雨顺”,表达了我国老百姓的愿望。
Inthefirsttwoslightlyhavebetweentwohonourthekingkongluxstoodlikeliao,namelywecommonlyknownastheHengHawillbetwo,fromtheirZuiXingandcanbeseenonthelefthandform,thisstatuesilent,thehandshakefor"hum"will,ontherighthandtomouth,"ha"will,theyareall4.5metershigh,muscleuplift,powerandgrandeur,clingingtotheentrance,theystandhereismorethanathousandyearsofhistory.Weseethetworootinthemiddle,saidtothecolumnbeforetherewasagate,becauseisagesago,thisdoorandshallnotbesaved,buthereisinsidethecabinetandguanyinboundaries,thestandinginthissidewatchingthethresholdrestaurant,onlyseeavalokitesvaralocal,acrossthethresholdstep,biggepanoramaispanorama.Youmightaswelltry,itiswidelyusedinwei-jinperiod,theframetypestructure.EntranceslightlybetweenthenorthisflankedbyguangxuperiodoffourmajorKingslikedrawing.Firstlookattheeast:thesouth,holdingthesword;growthlalitasanaOrientallalitasana,holdingthepipaholdkingdom.Westtwohonour:northWenTianwu,holdinganumbrellamore,Westernwideeyeslalitasana,handmeasures.FourmajorKingshandheldbythecontentcompositionanidiom"good",expressedourcommonpeople'swishes.
我们去看一看主体建筑。我们面前的就是独乐寺的主体建筑“观音之阁”,它通高23米,从外观上看分为上下两层,实际上是三层,在它正中间有一个暗层,整个大阁最突出的特点是没有一根钉子,都是榫卯结构的,我们看这一朵朵的就是斗拱,方形木块为斗,长条拱木为拱,整个大阁共用了152朵斗拱。大阁的房顶为九脊歇山式,檐下有一块匾额“观音之阁“,它是李白的真迹,这块匾额已经收入全国名匾大全了,下面这块匾额是“具足圆成”它是咸丰的手笔,意思是说里面的观音已经修行圆满,具备成佛条件了。
Wewenttoseethemainarchitecture.Infrontofusisthemainarchitectureofthemusicalonetemplethepavilion"viewsound",itconnectstall23metres,fromappearanceonlookintofluctuationtwolayer,isactuallythreelayers,initsmiddlehaveadarklayer,thewholebigpavilion,themostoutstandingcharacteristicisnotanail,areSunMaostructure,weseethisoneisforwood,quadrateRomanesquecapitalswhichshouldGongMumeasures,stripforarch,thewholebiggesharenow152flowerRomanesquecapitalswhichshould.Biggeroofforninemountainridgejehiel,YanXiahaveaplaquetypeof"ge"viewsound,it'slibai'sauthentic,thisplaque,haveincomenationalnameplaquedaqo,belowthisplaqueis"afullfivepurelandsutras"itiswritten,xianfengmeaninsidethegoddessofmercyhaspracticeperfection,havebecomeBuddhaconditions.
我们从这个位置回头看一下山门,整个山门是由12根粗大的柱子支挺的,柱头全部向内倾斜。它是我国古建筑的一个特点,称为侧角,使建筑物更加稳定,在山门的正脊上有两个饰物,尾巴向内翘起,似鸟非鸟,似鱼非鱼,叫做鸱吻。传说为龙生九子之一,能喷浪成雨,取喷水震火之用。
We'llcheckitfromthislocation,gotthewholeentranceisconsistedof12rootmassivecolumnsbranchstandof,thestigmaallinwardtilt.Itisourcountryancientbuildingacharacteristic,calledlateralAngle,makethebuildingmorestable,theentranceisintworidgedecorations,tailinwardtiltedandlikebirds,likefishthanthebirds,fishcalledChiWen.Legendasoneoftheninedragonbornson,canspraywavesintorain,takewater-jetearthquakefirewith.
现在我们走进大阁里边来看一下。在我们面前的就是十一面观音像,它通高16米,站在莲花台上,通过暗层,直达阁顶。观音有33种变化形式。十一面观音为其中一种,这种体裁在别处是绝对看不到的,因为就全国来讲,只有这里供奉的是十一面观音,它在世界上也仅存13尊。我们看整个观音略向前倾,给人以亲切感。它的两个飘带从手腕处一直垂到莲花台之上,实际上是起了支撑点的作用了。我们说这个观音是泥塑的,并不是说它完全是用泥堆起来的,它的内部有仿人体骨架的木结构,外面雕刻的是泥。十一面观音两旁的是善财,龙女两位胁持菩萨,他们腰部微扭,头顶五佛冠,显得生动活波,给人以真实感,这三尊塑像加上前面的哼哈二将,独乐寺共有5尊辽代的塑像,专家评价独乐寺的早期塑像就是“少而精,艺术价值高”。
Nowwewalkinthecabinetinsidecheck.InfrontofusaretensidekuanYin,itconnectstall16meters,standingonthelotusstage,throughthedarklayer,directgecrest.KuanYinhas33changeform.Tentoonesideguanyin,thisgenreelsewhereisabsolutelycannotsee,becausenationalterms,onlywhereistensideguanyin,itintheworldonlytosaveandhonour.Weseetheentireguanyinslightlyleanforward,giveapersonwithtenderness.ItstworibbonfromwristhungtolotusTaiwan,isactuallyplayedabovesupportingrole.Wesaidthisguanyinisclaysculpture,andit'snottosayitiscompletelywithmudtheheaped,itsinsidehumanbodyskeletonareimitatedtimberwork,outsidecarvedismud.TensidekuanYinisthegoodfortune,bothsidesofthedragonfemaletwonov.19bodhisattva,theirwaistmicrotwist,headthefive-buddhacrown,appearlively,giveapersonwithreality,thesethreestatueaddsthepreviousHengHawillbetwo,aloneletempletherewerefivehonourliaostatueofexpertevaluationaloneletempleearlystatueis"fewerbutbetter,artisticvaluehigh".
在里边来看,每个柱头上都有一个斗拱,整个大阁152朵斗拱,24种形式,分布在大阁各个部位,它好似人的关节一样,这是观音之阁历经1000多年的风风雨雨,28次地震,依然安然无恙的原因之一。
Insidetosee,eachinter-specifichasalargecabinet,wholeRomanesquecapitalswhichshould152flowerRomanesquecapitalswhichshould,24types,distributioninthebiggeeachplace,itseemspeoplejointsarethesame,andthatisthepavilionover1000yearsguanyintheupsanddowns,and28earthquakes,stillsafeandsoundreasons.
整个大阁是以三大艺术于一堂的,它就是古建筑,塑像,通栏布满墙面的彩色壁画。这组壁画绘制于元代,1972年才发现出来的,原来一直保护在一层泥土里面,它的发现有很高的历史价值,科研价值和艺术价值。它已经被临摹收入国库了,壁画以佛教十六罗汉和二天王为主题,间以佛教有关的神话故事,世俗题材组成一组组各有独立,又彼此相连的巨幅画卷。
Thewholebiggeisinoneofthreeart,itisanancientarchitecturalTongLanfigurine,fullofmetopecolormurals.Thisgroupofmuraldrawingintheyuandynasty,1972,itisfoundoutinalayerofmudhavebeenprotection,itfoundinsidehavehighhistoricalvalueandscientificvalueandartisticvalue.IthasbeencopyingincomeTreasury,muralbybuddhist16arhatandtwoKingsasthetheme,withBuddhismbetweenrelevantmyth,secularsubjectscomposedofgroupseachhaveindependentandeachconnectednon-imperialscenes.
现场解说到此结束,下面的时间,大家可以自己游览。
On-siteinterpretationtotheend,thefollowingtime,everybodycanoneselftour.