But finding that food with much of its fat removed is not very appetizing, food producers turned to sugar as a magic alternative flavor enhancer, often in the forms of syrups(糖浆)
长篇阅读真题
Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Ban sugary drinks that will add fuel to the obesity war
[A] On a train last Thursday, I sat opposite a man who was so fat he filled more than one seat. He was pale and disfigured and looked sick to death, which he probably was: obesity(肥胖的)leads to many nasty ways of dying. Looking around the carriage, I saw quite a few people like him, including a couple of fatty children with swollen checks pressing against their eyes. These people are part of what is without exaggeration an epidemic(流行病)of obesity.
[B] But it is quite unnecessary: there is a simple idea- far from new- that could spare millions of such people a lifetime of chronic(长期的)ill health, and at the same time save the National Health Service(NHS)at least ￡14 billion a year in England and Wales. There would, you might think, be considerable public interest in it. This simple idea is that sugar is as good- or as bad- as poison and should be avoided. It is pure, white and deadly, as Professor John Yudkin described it 40 years ago in a revolutionary book of that name. The subtitle was How Sugar Is Killing Us.
[C] In its countless hidden forms, in ready meals, junk food and sweet drinks, sugar leads to addiction(瘾), to hormonal upsets to the appetite, to metabolic(新陈代谢的)malfunctions and obesity and from there to type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)and its many horrible complication. If people really grasped that, they would try to kick the habit, particularly as Britain is the “ fat man of Europe” . They might even feel driven to support government measures to prevent people from consuming this deadly stuff. Yet so far this idea has met little but resistance.
[D] It is not difficult to imagine the vested interests(既得利益集团)lined up against any sugar control- all the food and drink manufacturers, processors, promoters and retailers who make such easy pickings out of the magic powers of sugar. Then there are the liberals, with whom I would normally side, who protest that government regulation would be yet another instance of interference in our lives.
[E]That is true, but people should realize that you cannot have a welfare state without a nanny state(保姆国家), to some degree. If we are all to be responsible for one another’s health insurance, through socialized medicine, then we are all closely involved in one another’s health, including everyone’s eating and drinking. That has already been admitted, finally, with smoking. But it has yet to be admitted with overeating, even though one in four adults in this country is obese and that number is predicted to double by the year 2050.Quite apart from anything else, obesity will cripple the NHS.
[F]Recently, though, there have been signs that the medical establishment is trying to sound the alarm. Last month the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges(AMRC)published a report saying that obesity is the greatest public health issue affecting the UK and urging government to do something.
[G]The report offers 10 recommendations, of which the first is imposing a tax of 20 percent on sugary drinks for at least a year, on top of the existing 20 percent value-added tax. That at least would be an excellent start. The amounts of sugar in soft drinks are horrifying, and turn straight to fat. As Professor Terence Stephenson, head of the AMRC, has said, sugary soft drinks are “the ultimate bad food. You are just consuming neat sugar. Your body didn’t evolve to handle this kind of thing.”
[H]Precisely. The risks of eating too much fat or salt(which are very different)pale into insignificant compared with the harm done by sugar. And it is everywhere.
[I]It is difficult to buy anything in a supermarket, other than plain, unprepared meat, fish or vegetables, that doesn’t have a large amount of sugar in it. This has come about because the prevailing scientific views of the 1960s and 1970s ignored the evidence about sugar, and instead saw fat as the really serious risk, both to the heart and other organs, as well as the cause of obesity.
[J]The fashion was to avoid fat. But finding that food with much of its fat removed is not very appetizing, food producers turned to sugar as a magic alternative flavor enhancer, often in the forms of syrups(糖浆)that had recently been developed from corn, and put it generously into most prepared foods and soft drinks.
[K]This stuff is not just fattening. It is addictive. It interferes with the body’s metabolism, possibly via the activity of an appetite-controlling hormone. There’s plenty of evidence for this, for those who will accept the truth.
[L]Theoretically, people ought to make “healthy choices” and avoid overeating. But sugar additives are not easy to identify and are hard to avoid. So the snacking, over-drinking and over eating that makes people fat is not really their own fault: obesity is in large part something that is being done to them. It should be stopped, or rather the government should stop it.
[M]Going round my local supermarket, I am constantly astonished that it is still legal to sell all the poisons stacked high on the shelves. The problem is that they are worse than useless. They are poisonous. They are known to be addictive. They are known to make people obese. And giving small children sweet drinks or bottles of fake juice all day long is nothing less than child abuse.
[N]Clearly, the sale of such stuff ought to be illegal. I hate to think of yet more government regulation. But a bit of tax on sweet soda and a little more health education, a bit of cooking in schools and banning vending machines(自动售货机)here and there ― as suggested try the AMRC report ― is not going to achieve very much. Labelling is quite inadequate. What is needed is legislation banning high levels of sugary syrups used in foods and drinks.
[O]In June 2012, the then minister for public health said the government was not scared of the food industry and had not ruled out legislation, because of the costs of obesity to the NHS. However, nothing has happened yet. Why not have another Jammie Dodger biscuit and forget about it.
47 Avoiding over-consumption of sugar can improve people’s health as well as save medical expenses.
答案：B
48 Laws should be passed to make it illegal to produce overly sweet foods or drinks.
答案：N
49 Giving small children sweet juices to drink all the time is equal to child abuse.
答案：M
50 Looking around, the author found obesity quite widespread.
答案：A
51 The number of obese people is expected to increase quickly in the next few decades.
答案：E
52 If people really understood the horrible consequences of sugary foods and drinks, they would support government measures against sugar consumption.
答案：C
53 It would be a very good beginning wo improve an additional tax on sugary drinks.
答案：G
54 The government has not yet taken any action to regulate sugar consumption although it indicated its intention to do so some time ago.
答案：C
55 Sugar is far more harmful to health than fat and salt.
答案：H
56 Consumers of sweet foods are not really to blame because they cannot tell what food is sugary.
答案：L
拓展：四级阅读题技巧
1.四级阅读应该遵循怎样的做题程序
关于阅读，我想首先当我们拿到一份考卷的时候，大家首先关注的点是我们应该怎么做我们的题目。建议大家先看题目，再看问题。一分钟时间把后面的题目看一下，分别是考什么方向，考词汇，还是考推理，还是考细节。做一个分析以后，看文章的时候，你发现，我这个题目主要是关注什么东西?比如说后面有的题目是看主题的。你要看文章时，就要关注这个文章主题。
2.要做好阅读，必须注意一些关系词
比方说，我们有表示观点性的语言，表示一些结论性的语言，近几年，我们表示结论性的语言考的量越来越多了。如果你发现，有文章里面，有一句话，是结论性的语言，它有可能会考题。 所以在考试过程当中，要注意，我们什么地方要快看。除了专业名词我们要快看的话，还有其他的，比如说统一表达，比如说意思比较相近的地方。尤其是并列的地方。如果你发现，好几种情况并列，那么你要注意，并不是每一个并列的地方，都会考到。它只有一些重要的地方，才会考。所以同学要们注意一点，如果这几个考试，有好几个地方，好几句话，要注意开头相似。好几个句子，开头相似，表示并列，这些并列句子比较简单。这个地方，就得看得快一点儿。
3.如何有效排除阅读题目的干扰选项
如果做题只看题干和四个选项，结合两者的合理性，主观猜想的话，一般是错的。会涉及合理但不正确。模仿原文，什么叫模仿原文。比方说，一个选项有八个单词，有四个单词和文章一模一样，意思也一模一样，但是有另外四个单词是不存在的，是一个附加信号。这样的选项极有可能是错的。出的.最难的一种是设计需要选择最佳选项的选项。这类选项是四级考生错误率比较高的选项。但我们只要知道要选择一个最合理的。
总结正确的答题方法是，先看题目，再看文章的第一句和最后一句话，第二句和倒数第二句话，这里一般是文章的Topic所在。但要一定要注意看最后是否有“but”，如果有的话要特别注意。然后根据题目的要求在文章里面找Keywords，再一目十行的找数字。