[A managetheirpatientsincompetently [B givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded [C reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients [D prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients
要在考研英语考试之前，好好训练自己的阅读能力的话，非做题莫属了。下面是小编给大家整理的考2002年考研英语答案，供大家参阅!
2002年全国考研英语阅读真题1
SectionIIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.
Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”
Ifyouarepartofthegroup,whichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.
Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.
Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.
41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.
[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience
[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople
[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople
[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners
42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.
[A]impolitetonewarrivals
[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole
[C]entitledtosomeprivileges
[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours
43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.
[A]havebenefitedmanypeople
[B]arethefocusofpublicattention
[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor
[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock
44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.
[A]inwell-wordedlanguage
[B]asawkwardlyaspossible
[C]inexaggeratedstatements
[D]ascasuallyaspossible
45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________.
[A]UseHumorEffectively
[B]VariousKindsofHumor
[C]AddHumortoSpeech
[D]DifferentHumorStrategies
2002年全国考研英语阅读真题2
Text2
Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics--thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.
Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy--fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.
Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves--goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”
Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.
Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented--andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated--thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.
46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin________.
[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction
[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry
[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork
[D]theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork
47.Theword“gizmos”(Line1,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans________.
[A]programs
[B]experts
[C]devices
[D]creatures
48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan________.
[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery
[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally
[C]havealittlecommonsense
[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld
49.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso________.
[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves
[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention
[C]improvefactoryenvironments
[D]cultivatehumancreativity
50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare________.
[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure
[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately
[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation
[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment
2002年全国考研英语阅读真题3
Text3
Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?
TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.
Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.
Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies--towhichheavyindustryhasshifted--havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.
Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.
51.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis________.
[A]globalinflation
[B]reductioninsupply
[C]fastgrowthineconomy
[D]Iraq’ssuspensionofexports
52.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif________.
[A]priceofcruderises
[B]commoditypricesrise
[C]consumptionrises
[D]oiltaxesrise
53.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries________.
[A]heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive
[B]incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices
[C]manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed
[D]oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP
54.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat________.
[A]oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow
[B]inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks
[C]energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices
[D]thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry
55.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems________.
[A]optimistic
[B]sensitive
[C]gloomy
[D]scared
2002年全国考研英语阅读真题4
Text4
TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.
Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,”acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects--agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen--ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.
Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.
NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath.”
GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It’slikesurgery,”hesays.“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”
Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.
JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.
Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.
Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,”totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse.”Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear…thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension.”
56.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat________.
[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain
[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives
[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide
[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide
57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death.
[B]Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.
[C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.
[D]Adoctor’smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.
58.AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis________.
[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures
[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain
[C]systematicdrugabuse
[D]insufficienthospitalcare
59.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive”(Line3,Paragraph7)?
[A]Bold
[B]Harmful
[C]Careless
[D]Desperate
60.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey________.
[A]managetheirpatientsincompetently
[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded
[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients
[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients
2002年考研英语答案
SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(50points)
PartA(40points)
41.[C]42.[B]43.[D]44.[D]45.[A]
46.[C]47.[C]48.[D]49.[B]50.[C]
51.[B]52.[D]53.[D]54.[A]55.[A]
56.[B]57.[C]58.[B]59.[A]60.[D]